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1 Research Defence Society
RDS, Бр Research Defence SocietyEnglish-Russian dictionary of planing, cross-planing and slotting machines > Research Defence Society
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2 Research Defence Society
Военный термин: военное научно-исследовательское обществоУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > Research Defence Society
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3 RDS
1) Компьютерная техника: radio data service2) Медицина: СДР (respiratory distress syndrom), синдром дыхательных расстройств (http://moscow-translator.ru/medical-translation)3) Военный термин: Radar Detection System, Rapid Deployment System, Rapid Dissemination System, Raytheon data system, Red Dot Sight, Regional Data Centers, Remote Display System, Research Defence Society, Research and Development Service, range destruct system, remote display subsystem, research and development survey, retail distribution station4) Техника: Rocketdyne digital simulator, ranging-drum shearer, reactor depressurization system, remote disassembly system5) Шутливое выражение: Red Deck Squad6) Юридический термин: Reporting Database Service7) Ветеринария: Rural Development Service8) Грубое выражение: Royal Dick Sucker9) Оптика: rapid display system10) Сокращение: Regional Deterrent Ship (US Navy), Regional Digital Switch, River Don Stampings Ltd (UK), radius11) Физика: reflectance difference spectroscopy12) Вычислительная техника: Radio Digital System, Rational Data Systems, Remote Data Services, removable disk storage, Rapid Development System (DB, Informix), Remote Desktop Sharing13) Нефть: roads14) Воздухоплавание: Robust Detection Scheme15) Фирменный знак: Red Dragon Skateboarding16) Деловая лексика: Retail Decision Suite17) Сетевые технологии: Radio Data Standard, Relational Data System, Remote Data Service, Remote Database Services, Remote Document Server, международный стандарт радиоданных18) Автоматика: rotating dynamic sensor19) Полупроводники: reflectance diffraction spectroscopy20) Химическое оружие: Rocket drain station, rate determining step21) Макаров: respiratory distress syndrome22) Высокочастотная электроника: radio data system23) Аэропорты: Rincon de Los Sauces, NE, Argentina -
4 Rds
1) Компьютерная техника: radio data service2) Медицина: СДР (respiratory distress syndrom), синдром дыхательных расстройств (http://moscow-translator.ru/medical-translation)3) Военный термин: Radar Detection System, Rapid Deployment System, Rapid Dissemination System, Raytheon data system, Red Dot Sight, Regional Data Centers, Remote Display System, Research Defence Society, Research and Development Service, range destruct system, remote display subsystem, research and development survey, retail distribution station4) Техника: Rocketdyne digital simulator, ranging-drum shearer, reactor depressurization system, remote disassembly system5) Шутливое выражение: Red Deck Squad6) Юридический термин: Reporting Database Service7) Ветеринария: Rural Development Service8) Грубое выражение: Royal Dick Sucker9) Оптика: rapid display system10) Сокращение: Regional Deterrent Ship (US Navy), Regional Digital Switch, River Don Stampings Ltd (UK), radius11) Физика: reflectance difference spectroscopy12) Вычислительная техника: Radio Digital System, Rational Data Systems, Remote Data Services, removable disk storage, Rapid Development System (DB, Informix), Remote Desktop Sharing13) Нефть: roads14) Воздухоплавание: Robust Detection Scheme15) Фирменный знак: Red Dragon Skateboarding16) Деловая лексика: Retail Decision Suite17) Сетевые технологии: Radio Data Standard, Relational Data System, Remote Data Service, Remote Database Services, Remote Document Server, международный стандарт радиоданных18) Автоматика: rotating dynamic sensor19) Полупроводники: reflectance diffraction spectroscopy20) Химическое оружие: Rocket drain station, rate determining step21) Макаров: respiratory distress syndrome22) Высокочастотная электроника: radio data system23) Аэропорты: Rincon de Los Sauces, NE, Argentina -
5 rds
1) Компьютерная техника: radio data service2) Медицина: СДР (respiratory distress syndrom), синдром дыхательных расстройств (http://moscow-translator.ru/medical-translation)3) Военный термин: Radar Detection System, Rapid Deployment System, Rapid Dissemination System, Raytheon data system, Red Dot Sight, Regional Data Centers, Remote Display System, Research Defence Society, Research and Development Service, range destruct system, remote display subsystem, research and development survey, retail distribution station4) Техника: Rocketdyne digital simulator, ranging-drum shearer, reactor depressurization system, remote disassembly system5) Шутливое выражение: Red Deck Squad6) Юридический термин: Reporting Database Service7) Ветеринария: Rural Development Service8) Грубое выражение: Royal Dick Sucker9) Оптика: rapid display system10) Сокращение: Regional Deterrent Ship (US Navy), Regional Digital Switch, River Don Stampings Ltd (UK), radius11) Физика: reflectance difference spectroscopy12) Вычислительная техника: Radio Digital System, Rational Data Systems, Remote Data Services, removable disk storage, Rapid Development System (DB, Informix), Remote Desktop Sharing13) Нефть: roads14) Воздухоплавание: Robust Detection Scheme15) Фирменный знак: Red Dragon Skateboarding16) Деловая лексика: Retail Decision Suite17) Сетевые технологии: Radio Data Standard, Relational Data System, Remote Data Service, Remote Database Services, Remote Document Server, международный стандарт радиоданных18) Автоматика: rotating dynamic sensor19) Полупроводники: reflectance diffraction spectroscopy20) Химическое оружие: Rocket drain station, rate determining step21) Макаров: respiratory distress syndrome22) Высокочастотная электроника: radio data system23) Аэропорты: Rincon de Los Sauces, NE, Argentina -
6 RDS
RDS, range destruct systemркт система подрыва по дальности————————RDS, Raytheon data systemсистема сбора и обработки данных фирмы "Рейтеон"————————RDS, remote display subsystemподсистема дистанционного дисплея; дистанционная подсистема отображения информации————————RDS, Research and Development Service————————RDS, research and development survey————————RDS, Бр Research Defence Society————————RDS, retail distribution stationстанция [пункт] распределения материальных средств между тыловыми частями и учреждениямиEnglish-Russian dictionary of planing, cross-planing and slotting machines > RDS
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7 committee
committee on Government Operations (US House of Representatives) — комиссия по деятельности правительственных органов (палаты представителей конгресса США)
Counter Insurgency committee (of the White House) — комитет (Белого дома) по борьбе с национально-освободительным и повстанческим движениями
Deputy Secretaries committee, NSC — комитет заместителей министров при СНБ
Foreign Intelligence committee, NSC — комитет по внешней разведке СНБ
Intelligence committee, NSC — разведывательный комитет СНБ
Military Liaison committee, Department of Energy — комитет министерства энергетики по связям с ВС
NATO Command, Control and Information Systems and Automatic Data Processing committee — комитет НАТО по АСУ и системам автоматической обработки данных
Policy Review committee, NSC — комитет по оценке политики при СНБ (возглавляется директором ЦРУ)
Special Coordination committee, NSC — специальный координационный комитет СНБ
— ordnance technical committee -
8 Tizard, Sir Henry Thoms
SUBJECT AREA: Weapons and armour[br]b. 23 August 1885 Gillingham, Kent, Englandd. 9 October 1959 Fareham, Hampshire, England[br]English scientist and administrator who made many contributions to military technology.[br]Educated at Westminster College, in 1904 Tizard went to Magdalen College, Oxford, gaining Firsts in mathematics and chemistry. After a period of time in Berlin with Nernst, he joined the Royal Institution in 1909 to study the colour changes of indicators. From 1911 until 1914 he was a tutorial Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, but with the outbreak of the First World War he joined first the Royal Garrison Artillery, then, in 1915, the newly formed Royal Flying Corps, to work on the development of bomb-sights. Successively in charge of testing aircraft, a lieutenant-colonel in the Ministry of Munitions and Assistant Controller of Research and Experiments for the Royal Air Force, he returned to Oxford in 1919 and the following year became Reader in Chemical Thermodynamics; at this stage he developed the use of toluene as an air-craft-fuel additive.In 1922 he was appointed an assistant secretary at the government Department of Industrial and Scientific Research, becoming Principal Assistant Secretary in 1922 and its Permanent Director in 1927; during this time he was also a member of the Aeronautical Research Committee, being Chairman of the latter in 1933–43. From 1929 to 1942 he was Rector of Imperial College. In 1932 he was also appointed Chairman of a committee set up to investigate possible national air-defence systems, and it was largely due to his efforts that the radar proposals of Watson-Watt were taken up and an effective system made operational before the outbreak of the Second World War. He was also involved in various other government activities aimed at applying technology to the war effort, including the dam-buster and atomic bombs.President of Magdalen College in 1942–7, he then returned again to Whitehall, serving as Chairman of the Advisory Council on Scientific Policy and of the Defence Research Policy Committee. Finally, in 1952, he became Pro-Chan-cellor of Southampton University.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsAir Force Cross 1918. CB 1927. KCB 1937. GCB 1949. American Medal of Merit 1947. FRS 1926. Ten British and Commonwealth University honorary doctorates. Hon. Fellowship of the Royal Aeronautical Society. Royal Society of Arts Gold Medal. Franklin Institute Gold Medal. President, British Association 1948. Trustee of the British Museum 1937–59.Bibliography1911, The sensitiveness of indicators', British Association Report (describes Tizard's work on colour changes in indicators).Further Reading1961, Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society VII, London: Royal Society.KFBiographical history of technology > Tizard, Sir Henry Thoms
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9 Wilkes, Maurice Vincent
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 26 June 1913 Stourbridge, Worcestershire, England[br]English physicist who was jointly responsible for the construction of the EDS AC computer.[br]Educated at King Edward VI Grammar School, Stourbridge, where he began to make radio sets and read Wireless World, Wilkes went to St John's College, Cambridge, in 1931, graduating as a Wrangler in the Mathematical Tripos in 1934. He then carried out research at the Cavendish Laboratory, becoming a demonstrator in 1937. During the Second World War he worked on radar, differential analysers and operational research at the Bawdsey Research Station and other air-defence establishments. In 1945 he returned to Cambridge as a lecturer and as Acting Director of the Mathematical (later Computer) Laboratory, serving as Director from 1946 to 1970.During the late 1940s, following visits to the USA for computer courses and to see the ENIAC computer, with the collaboration of colleagues he constructed the Cambridge University digital computer EDSAC (for Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer), using ultrasonic delay lines for data storage. In the mid-1950s a second machine, EDSAC2, was constructed using a magnetic-core memory. In 1965 he became Professor of Computer Technology. After retirement he worked for the Digital Electronic Corporation (DEC) from 1981 to 1986, serving also as Adjunct Professor of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1981 to 1985. In 1990 he became a research strategy consultant to the Olivetti Research Directorate.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1956. First President, British Computer Society 1957–60. Honorary DSc Munich 1978, Bath 1987. Honorary DTech Linkoping 1975. FEng 1976. Institution of Electrical Engineers Faraday Medal 1981.Bibliography1948, "The design of a practical high-speed computing machine", Proceedings of the Royal Society A195:274 (describes EDSAC).1949, Oscillation of the Earth's Atmosphere.1951, Preparation of Programs for an Electronic Digital Computer, New York: Addison-Wesley.1956, Automatic Digital Computers, London: Methuen. 1966, A Short Introduction to Numerical Analysis.1968, Time-Sharing Computer Systems: McDonald \& Jane's.1979, The Cambridge CAP Computer and its Operating System: H.Holland.1985, Memoirs of a Computer Pioneer, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press (autobiography).Further ReadingB.Randell (ed.), 1973, The Origins of Digital Computers, Berlin: Springer-Verlag.KFBiographical history of technology > Wilkes, Maurice Vincent
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10 Coolidge, William David
[br]b. 23 October 1873 Hudson, Massachusetts, USAd. 3 February 1975 New York, USA[br]American physicist and metallurgist who invented a method of producing ductile tungsten wire for electric lamps.[br]Coolidge obtained his BS from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1896, and his PhD (physics) from the University of Leipzig in 1899. He was appointed Assistant Professor of Physics at MIT in 1904, and in 1905 he joined the staff of the General Electric Company's research laboratory at Schenectady. In 1905 Schenectady was trying to make tungsten-filament lamps to counter the competition of the tantalum-filament lamps then being produced by their German rival Siemens. The first tungsten lamps made by Just and Hanaman in Vienna in 1904 had been too fragile for general use. Coolidge and his life-long collaborator, Colin G. Fink, succeeded in 1910 by hot-working directly dense sintered tungsten compacts into wire. This success was the result of a flash of insight by Coolidge, who first perceived that fully recrystallized tungsten wire was always brittle and that only partially work-hardened wire retained a measure of ductility. This grasped, a process was developed which induced ductility into the wire by hot-working at temperatures below those required for full recrystallization, so that an elongated fibrous grain structure was progressively developed. Sintered tungsten ingots were swaged to bar at temperatures around 1,500°C and at the end of the process ductile tungsten filament wire was drawn through diamond dies around 550°C. This process allowed General Electric to dominate the world lamp market. Tungsten lamps consumed only one-third the energy of carbon lamps, and for the first time the cost of electric lighting was reduced to that of gas. Between 1911 and 1914, manufacturing licences for the General Electric patents had been granted for most of the developed work. The validity of the General Electric monopoly was bitterly contested, though in all the litigation that followed, Coolidge's fibering principle was upheld. Commercial arrangements between General Electric and European producers such as Siemens led to the name "Osram" being commonly applied to any lamp with a drawn tungsten filament. In 1910 Coolidge patented the use of thoria as a particular additive that greatly improved the high-temperature strength of tungsten filaments. From this development sprang the technique of "dispersion strengthening", still being widely used in the development of high-temperature alloys in the 1990s. In 1913 Coolidge introduced the first controllable hot-cathode X-ray tube, which had a tungsten target and operated in vacuo rather than in a gaseous atmosphere. With this equipment, medical radiography could for the first time be safely practised on a routine basis. During the First World War, Coolidge developed portable X-ray units for use in field hospitals, and between the First and Second World Wars he introduced between 1 and 2 million X-ray machines for cancer treatment and for industrial radiography. He became Director of the Schenectady laboratory in 1932, and from 1940 until 1944 he was Vice-President and Director of Research. After retirement he was retained as an X-ray consultant, and in this capacity he attended the Bikini atom bomb trials in 1946. Throughout the Second World War he was a member of the National Defence Research Committee.[br]Bibliography1965, "The development of ductile tungsten", Sorby Centennial Symposium on the History of Metallurgy, AIME Metallurgy Society Conference, Vol. 27, ed. Cyril Stanley Smith, Gordon and Breach, pp. 443–9.Further ReadingD.J.Jones and A.Prince, 1985, "Tungsten and high density alloys", Journal of the Historical Metallurgy Society 19(1):72–84.ASDBiographical history of technology > Coolidge, William David
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11 Haber, Fritz
SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology[br]b. 9 December 1868 Breslau, Germany (now Wroclaw, Poland)d. 29 January 1934 Basel, Switzerland[br]German chemist, inventor of the process for the synthesis of ammonia.[br]Haber's father was a manufacturer of dyestuffs, so he studied organic chemistry at Berlin and Heidelberg universities to equip him to enter his father's firm. But his interest turned to physical chemistry and remained there throughout his life. He became Assistant at the Technische Hochschule in Karlsruhe in 1894; his first work there was on pyrolysis and electrochemistry, and he published his Grundrisse der technischen Electrochemie in 1898. Haber became famous for thorough and illuminating theoretical studies in areas of growing practical importance. He rose through the academic ranks and was appointed a full professor in 1906. In 1912 he was also appointed Director of the Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry at Dahlem, outside Berlin.Early in the twentieth century Haber invented a process for the synthesis of ammonia. The English chemist and physicist Sir William Crookes (1832–1919) had warned of the danger of mass hunger because the deposits of Chilean nitrate were becoming exhausted and nitrogenous fertilizers would not suffice for the world's growing population. A solution lay in the use of the nitrogen in the air, and the efforts of chemists centred on ways of converting it to usable nitrate. Haber was aware of contemporary work on the fixation of nitrogen by the cyanamide and arc processes, but in 1904 he turned to the study of ammonia formation from its elements, nitrogen and hydrogen. During 1907–9 Haber found that the yield of ammonia reached an industrially viable level if the reaction took place under a pressure of 150–200 atmospheres and a temperature of 600°C (1,112° F) in the presence of a suitable catalyst—first osmium, later uranium. He devised an apparatus in which a mixture of the gases was pumped through a converter, in which the ammonia formed was withdrawn while the unchanged gases were recirculated. By 1913, Haber's collaborator, Carl Bosch had succeeded in raising this laboratory process to the industrial scale. It was the first successful high-pressure industrial chemical process, and solved the nitrogen problem. The outbreak of the First World War directed the work of the institute in Dahlem to military purposes, and Haber was placed in charge of chemical warfare. In this capacity, he developed poisonous gases as well as the means of defence against them, such as gas masks. The synthetic-ammonia process was diverted to produce nitric acid for explosives. The great benefits and achievement of the Haber-Bosch process were recognized by the award in 1919 of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, but on account of Haber's association with chemical warfare, British, French and American scientists denounced the award; this only added to the sense of bitterness he already felt at his country's defeat in the war. He concentrated on the theoretical studies for which he was renowned, in particular on pyrolysis and autoxidation, and both the Karlsruhe and the Dahlem laboratories became international centres for discussion and research in physical chemistry.With the Nazi takeover in 1933, Haber found that, as a Jew, he was relegated to second-class status. He did not see why he should appoint staff on account of their grandmothers instead of their ability, so he resigned his posts and went into exile. For some months he accepted hospitality in Cambridge, but he was on his way to a new post in what is now Israel when he died suddenly in Basel, Switzerland.[br]Bibliography1898, Grundrisse der technischen Electrochemie.1927, Aus Leben und Beruf.Further ReadingJ.E.Coates, 1939, "The Haber Memorial Lecture", Journal of the Chemical Society: 1,642–72.M.Goran, 1967, The Story of Fritz Haber, Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press (includes a complete list of Haber's works).LRD
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